Galanin in Alzheimer Disease
Mol. Interv. 2003 3: 137-156.
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What is galanin, a neuropeptide, doing in the brains of Alzheimer patients? In normal brains, galanin is relatively prominent in certain cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain, and these cells are both dependent on the peptide for their survival in early development and likely regulated by the peptide into adulthood. Moreover, the supply of galanin to these cholinergic neurons, which are involved in cognitive functions, is increased in Alzheimer disease, raising the suspicion that increased expression of the neuropeptide serves a protective role. On the other hand, the experimental overexpression of galanin in animals has been associated with neuronal loss and cognitive impairment. The development of therapies that might exploit the role(s) of galanin in Alzheimer disease will necessitate a better understanding of the neuroscience of both the neuropeptide and the disease.